Land Rover Series 1 For Sale

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Enter Land Rover Series 1 Enter Land Rover Series 2 Enter Land Rover Series 3 Latest Website Updates Change to UK insurance regulations Jan 2011 More tech articles Spark plugs Adjustable Dog guard Last Updated 1/12/10 Short-term Storage of a Series Land Rover There are a variety of reasons we may take our Series Land Rover off the road for a few months and a variety of environmental conditions in which it might be stored. The main points of concern are dealt with individually below. Tyres: It's important to raise the vehicle up on jacks and stands, sufficiently to take most of a Series Land Rover's punishing weight off its tyres. If this is not done, the tyres will tend to retain the bulge in them after the vehicle is returned to road use. There will then be a noticeable thumping from one or more wheels when on the move. Some tyres can recover automatically from the experience but others cannot and this then becomes a safety issue. Fuel: Modern fuel has more additives in it these days, particularly the unleaded type, and some are not stable in the long term. Old fuel can cause ignition problems and possible engine damage. So ideally drain the fuel tank or at least leave it with a minimum amount and completely fill the tank as soon as the vehicle is returned to the road. This serves to dilute the existing contents. Body: Series Land Rover body panels are made from aluminium alloy and so exposure to damp and rain is not a problem. The structural framework of Series Land Rovers, such as door pillars and bulkhead however, are of steel construction and therefore climate food. So, covering the vehicle and protecting it from the climate, protects the external steel components. It's the nature of a Series Land Rover to admit the climate through an impressive variety of portals. Corrosion then has the opportuntiy to continue from the inside out unless the vehicle is covered or stored indoors. Battery: There's a range of sophisticated battery charging devices available that sense the state of the battery and charge it accordingly. You can just hook your battery up to one of these and leave it alone. If however you only have a standard charger you could still 'leave it alone' by connecting it to your charger via a timer switch set to charge the battery for 15min each day. My own battery is in its fourth year of service having been charged in this manner for 3 months each year. (To see previous homepages visit the 'Homepage Archives' link top left ) ************** **************************** Get a quote for UK Van Insurance from AutoNet online at autonetinsurance.co.uk ************** **************************** Series quiz Choose how many multiple choice questions you attempt. Rank your score with other participants. Try Series I quiz only Try Series II quiz only Try Series III quiz only 4x4 offroad quiz Land Rover (or spare parts) for sale/wanted? Problem you can't solve? Check the Tech Articles Homepage Archives UK PERSONAL NUMBER PLATES Hitch a Series ride Back to top || Land Rover Series From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (July 2007) Land Rover Series Manufacturer Land Rover Production 1948–1985 Assembly Solihull , England Successor Land Rover Ninety & One Ten Class Off-road vehicle Layout FR layout / All wheel drive The Land Rover Series I , II , and III (commonly referred to as "Series" Land Rovers, to distinguish them from later models) are off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover that were inspired by the US-built Willys Jeep . Land Rover says that 70% of these vehicles ever made are still in use today—a claim first made in the 1992 brochure and repeated many times since, being much publicised when cited by Richard Hammond of the BBC 's Top Gear . Series models feature leaf-sprung suspension with selectable two or four-wheel drive , the Stage 1 featured permanent 4WD. Contents 1 Development 2 Series I 3 Series II 4 Series IIA 5 Series IIA Forward Control 6 Series IIB Forward Control 7 Series III 8 Stage One V8 9 1 Ton 10 Australia 11 Military 12 Minerva 13 See also 14 References 15 External links [ edit ] Development The Land Rover was conceived by the Rover Motor Company in 1946 during the aftermath of World War II . Rover's usual products were luxury cars which were not in demand in the immediate post-war period and raw materials were strictly rationed to those companies building construction or industrial equipment, or products that could be widely exported to earn crucial foreign exchange for the country. Also, Rover's original factory in Coventry had been bombed during the war, forcing the company to move into a huge "shadow factory" it had built during the war in Solihull near Birmingham to construct aircraft. This factory was now empty but starting car production there from scratch would not be financially viable. Several plans for small, economical cars were drawn up, but all would be too expensive to produce. Maurice Wilks , Rover's chief designer came up with a plan to produce a light agricultural and utility vehicle, of a similar concept to the Willys Jeep used in the war, but with an emphasis on agricultural use. He was possibly inspired by the Standard Motor Company , who faced similar problems and were producing the highly successful Ferguson TE20 tractor in their shadow factory in Coventry. More likely, he used his own experience of using an army-surplus Jeep on his farm in Anglesey , North Wales. His design added a power take-off (PTO) feature since there was a gap in the market between jeeps and tractors (which offered the feature but were less flexible as transport). The original Land Rover concept (a cross between a light truck and a tractor) is similar to the Unimog , which was developed in Germany during this period. The first prototype had a distinctive feature—the steering wheel was mounted in the middle of the vehicle. It hence became known as the " centre steer ". It was built on a Jeep chassis and used the engine and gearbox out of a Rover P3 saloon car. The bodywork was hand-made out of surplus aircraft grade aluminium, mainly an aluminium/magnesium alloy called Birmabright , to save on steel, which was closely rationed. Paint was also in short supply, resulting in the first production vehicles making use of army surplus green paint. The first pre production Land Rover's were being developed in late 1947 by a team led by engineer Arthur Goddard . [ 1 ] Tests showed this prototype vehicle to be a capable and versatile machine. The PTO drives from the front of the engine and from the gearbox to the centre and rear of the vehicle to allow it to drive farm machinery, exactly as a tractor would. It was also tested ploughing and performing other agricultural tasks. However, as the vehicle was readied for production, this emphasis on tractor-like usage decreased and the centre steering proved impracticle in use. The steering wheel was mounted off to the side as normal, the bodywork was simplified to reduce production time and costs and a larger engine was fitted, together with a specially-designed transfer gearbox to replace the Jeep unit. The result was a vehicle that didn't use a single Jeep component and was slightly shorter than its American inspiration, but wider, heavier, faster and still retained the PTO drives. The Land Rover was designed to only be in production for 2–3 years to gain some cash flow and export orders for the Rover Company so it could restart up-market car production. Once car production restarted, however, it was greatly outsold by the off-road Land Rover, which developed into its own brand that remains successful today. Many of the defining and successful features of the Land Rover design were in fact the result of Rover's drive to simplify the tooling required for the vehicle and to use the minimum amount of rationed materials. As well as the aluminium alloy bodywork (which has been retained throughout production despite it now being more expensive than a conventional steel body due to its ideal properties of light weight and corrosion resistance) other examples include the distinctive flat body panels with only simple, constant-radius curves (originally used because they could be cut and formed by hand from aluminium sheet on a basic jig) and the sturdy box-section ladder chassis , which on Series vehicles was made up from four strips of steel welded at each side to form a box, thus cutting down on the complex welding operations required when making a more conventional U- or I-section frame. [ edit ] Series I Series I Production 1948-1958 Body style(s) 2-door Off-road vehicle 4-door Off-road vehicle 2-door pickup Engine(s) 1.6 L I4 (1948-1951) 2.0 L I4 (1950-) 2.0 L diesel I4 (1957-58) Transmission(s) 4 speed manual Wheelbase 1948-1953: 80.0 in (2032 mm) 1954-1956: 86.0 in (2184 mm) (SWB) 1948-1956: 107.0 in (2718 mm) (LWB) 1957-1958: 88.0 in (2235 mm) (SWB) 109.0 in (2769 mm) (LWB) Length 132.0 in (3353 mm)/140.5 in (3569 mm) (SWB) 173.5 in (4407 mm) (LWB) Width 61.0 in (1549 mm) Height 73.5 in (1867 mm) Land Rover entered production in 1948 with what was later termed the Series I . This was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show. It was originally designed for farm and light industrial use, and had a steel box-section chassis , and an aluminum body. Originally the Land Rover was a single model offering, which from 1948 until 1951 used an 80 in (2,000 mm) wheelbase and a 1.6 litre petrol engine producing around 50 bhp (37 kW; 51 PS). The 4-speed gearbox from the Rover P3 was used, with a new 2-speed transfer box. This incorporated an unusual 4-wheel drive system, with a freewheel unit (as used on several Rover cars of the time). This disengaged the front axle from the manual transmission on the overrun, allowing a form of permanent 4WD. A ring-pull mechanism in the driver's footwell allowed the freewheel to be locked to provide more traditional 4WD. This was a basic vehicle, tops for the doors and a roof (canvas or metal) were optional extras. In 1950, the lights moved from a position behind the grille to protruding through the grille. From the beginning it was realised that some buyers would want a Land Rover's abilities without the spartan interiors. In 1949 Land Rover launched a second body option called the " Station Wagon ", fitted with a body built by Tickford , a coachbuilder known for their work with Rolls-Royce and Lagonda . The bodywork was wooden-framed and had seating for seven people. Tickford was well equipped in comparison with the standard Land Rover, having leather seats, a heater, a one-piece laminated windscreen, a tin-plate spare wheel cover, some interior trim and other options. The wooden construction made them expensive to build and tax laws made this worse — unlike the original Land Rover, the Tickford was taxed as a private car, which attracted high levels of Purchase Tax. As a result, fewer than 700 Tickfords were sold, and all but 50 were exported. Today these early Station Wagons are highly sought after. In 1952 and 1953 the petrol engine was replaced with a larger 2.0 litre I4 unit. This engine was "siamese bore", meaning that there were no water passages between the pistons . During 1950 the unusual semi-permanent 4WD system was replaced with a more conventional setup, with drive to the front axle being taken through a simple dog clutch. Around this time the Land Rover's legal status was also clarified. As mentioned above, the Land Rover was originally classed as a commercial vehicle, meaning it was free from Purchase Tax. However, this also meant it was limited to a speed of 30 mph (48 km/h) on British roads. After an appeal to the Law Lords after an owner was charged with exceeding this limit, the Land Rover was classified as a "multi-purpose vehicle" which was only to be classed as a commercial vehicle if used for commercial purposes. This still applies today, with Land Rovers being registered as commercial vehicles being restricted to a maximum speed of 60 mph (as opposed to the maximum 70 mph (110 km/h) for normal cars) in Britain, although this rule is not often upheld nowadays. The 1954 Year Model saw a big change: the 80 in (2,000 mm) wheelbase model was replaced by an 86 in (2,200 mm) wheelbase model, and a 107 in (2,700 mm) " Pick Up " version was introduced. The extra wheelbase was added behind the cab area to provide additional load space. 1956 saw the introduction of the first five-door model, on the 107 in (2,718 mm) chassis known as the " Station Wagon " with seating for up to ten people. The 86 in (2,184 mm) model was a three-door seven-seater. The new station wagons were very different to the previous Tickford model, being built with simple metal panels and bolt-together construction instead of the complex wooden structure of the older Station Wagon. They were intended to be used both as commercial vehicles as people-carriers for transporting workmen to remote locations, as well as by private users. Like the Tickford version, they came with basic interior trim and equipment such as roof vents and interior lights. The Station Wagons saw the first expansion of the Land Rover range. Station Wagons were fitted with a "Safari Roof" which consisted of a second roof skin fitted on top of the vehicle. This kept the interior cool in hot weather and reduced condensation in cold weather. Vents fitted in the roof allowed added ventilation to the interior. While they were based on the same chassis and drivetrains as the standard vehicles, Station Wagons carried different chassis numbers, special badging, and were advertised in separate brochures. Unlike the original Station Wagon, the new in-house versions were highly popular. Wheelbases were extended by 2 in (51 mm) to 88 in (2,200 mm) and 109 in (2,800 mm) to accommodate the new diesel engine, to be an option the following year. This change was made to all models with the exception of the 107 Station Wagon, which would never be fitted with a diesel engine, and would eventually be the last series I in production. Finally, in 1957, the "spread bore" petrol engine was introduced, followed shortly by a brand new 2.0 litre Diesel engine that, despite the similar capacity, was not related to the petrol engines used. The petrol engines of the time used the rather out-dated inlet-over-exhaust valve arrangement; the diesel used the more modern overhead layout. This diesel engine was one of the first high-speed diesels developed for road use, producing 52 hp (39 kW) at 4000 rpm. This engine was slightly longer than the original chassis allowed, so the wheelbase was increased from 86 to 88 in (2,200 mm) for the short-wheelbase models, and from 107 to 109 in (2,769 mm) on the long-wheelbases. The extra two inches were added in front of the bulkhead to accommodate the new diesel engine. These dimensions were to be used on all Land Rovers for the next 25 years. [ edit ] Series II Series II Production 1958-1961 Body style(s) 2-door Off-road vehicle 4-door Off-road vehicle 2-door pickup Engine(s) 2.0 L petrol I4 2.25 L petrol I4 2.0 L I4 diesel Transmission(s) 4 speed manual Wheelbase 88.0 in (2235 mm) (SWB) 109.0 in (2769 mm) (LWB) Length 142.4 in (3617 mm) (SWB) 175.0 in (4445 mm) (LWB) Width 66.0 in (1676 mm) Height 77.5 in (1969 mm) (SWB) 81.0 in (2057 mm) (LWB) The successor to the successful Series I was the Series II , which saw a production run from 1958 to 1961. It came in 88 in (2,200 mm) and 109 in (2,800 mm) wheelbases (normally referred to as the 'SWB' and 'LWB'). This was the first Land Rover to receive the attention of Rover's styling department- Chief Stylist David Bache produced the familiar 'barrel side' waistline to cover the vehicle's wider track and the improved design of the truck cab variant, introducing the curved side windows and rounded roof still used on current Land Rovers. The Series II was the first vehicle to use the well-known 2.25 litre petrol engine , although early short wheelbase (SWB) models retained the 52 hp (39 kW) 2.0 litre petrol engine from the Series I for the first 1,500 or so vehicles. This larger petrol engine produced 72 hp (54 kW) and was closely related to the 2.0 litre diesel unit still in use. This engine became the standard Land Rover unit until the mid-1980s when diesel engines became more popular. The 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II Station Wagon introduced a 12-seater option on top of the standard 10-seater layout. This was primarily to take advantage of UK tax laws, by which a vehicle with 12 seats or more was classed as a bus , and was exempt from Purchase Tax and Special Vehicle Tax. This made the 12-seater not only cheaper to buy than the 10-seater version, but also cheaper than the 7-seater 88-inch (2,200 mm) Station Wagon. The 12-seater layout remained a highly popular body style for decades, being retained on the later Series and Defender variants until 2002, when it was dropped. The unusual status of the 12-seater remained until the end—such vehicles were classed as minibuses and thus could use bus lanes and (if registered correctly) could be exempt from the London Congestion Charge . There was some degree of over-lap between Series I and Series II production. Early UK-market Series II 88-inch (2,200 mm) vehicles were fitted with the old 2 litre petrol engine to use up existing stock (all export models received the new 2.25 litre engine from the beginning), and production of the Series I 107-inch (2,700 mm) Station Wagon continued until late 1959 due to continued demand from export markets and to allow the production of Series II components to reach full level. [ edit ] Series IIA Series IIA Production 1961-1971 Body style(s) 2-door Off-road vehicle 4-door Off-road vehicle 2-door pickup Engine(s) 2.25L I4 2.6L IOE engine I6 Transmission(s) 4 speed manual Wheelbase 88.0 in (2235 mm) (SWB) 109.0 in (2769 mm) (LWB) Length 142.4 in (3617 mm) (SWB) 175.0 in (4445 mm) (LWB) Width 66.0 in (1676 mm) Height 77.5 in (1969 mm) (SWB) 81.0 in (2057 mm) (LWB) The SII and the SIIA are very difficult to distinguish. There were some minor cosmetic changes, but the most significant change was under the bonnet in the guise of the new 2.25 litre Diesel engine . Body configurations available from the factory ranged from short wheelbase soft top to the top of the line five-door Station Wagon. Also the 2.6 litre straight six petrol engine was introduced for use in the long wheelbase models in 1967, the larger engine complemented by standard-fit servo-assisted brakes. 811 of these were NADA (or North American Dollar Area) trucks, which were the only long wheelbase models made for the American and Canadian markets. From February 1969 (home market) the headlamps moved into the wings on all models, and the sill panels were redesigned to be shallower a few months afterwards. The Series IIA is considered by many the most hardy Series model constructed. It is also the type of classic Land Rover that features strongly in the general public's perception of the Land Rover, from its many appearances in popular films and television documentaries set in Africa throughout the 1960s, such as Born Free . In February 1968, just a few months after its manufacturer had been subsumed, under government pressure, into the Leyland Motor Corporation , the Land Rover celebrated its twentieth birthday, with total production to date just short of 600,000, of which more than 70% had been exported. [ 2 ] Certainly it was whilst the Series IIA was in production that sales of utility Land Rovers reached their peak, in 1969-70, when sales of over 60,000 Land Rovers a year were recorded. (For comparison, the sales of the Defender in recent years have been around the 25,000 level since the 1990s.) As well as record sales, the Land Rover dominated many world markets- in Australia in the 1960s Land Rover held 90% of the 4x4 market. This figure was repeated in many countries in Africa and the Middle East. 1963 Land Rover Series IIA pickup-type A series IIA without canvas. Land Rover Series IIa Station Wagon coil sprung hybrid. [ edit ] Series IIA Forward Control The Series IIA FC launched in 1962 was based on the Series IIA 2.25 litre petrol engine and 109 in (2,769 mm) chassis, with the cab positioned over the engine to give more load space. Export vehicles were the first Land-Rovers to get the 2.6 litre petrol engine. Most examples had an ENV rear axle, a matching front axle came later. Tyres were large 900x16 types on deep-dish wheel rims to provide extra floatation for this heavy vehicle. These vehicles were somewhat underpowered for the increased load capacity (1.5 long tons/1,500 kg), and most had a hard working life. Less than 2,500 were made, and most had a utility body, but surviving examples often have custom bodywork. With an upgraded powertrain, they can be used as a small motorhome. [ edit ] Series IIB Forward Control The Series IIB FC produced from 1966 was similar to the Series IIA Forward Control but added the 2.25 litre diesel engine as an option. The 2.6 litre engine was the standard engine for this model, the 2.25 litre engine being only available for export. Heavy duty wide-track axles (designed by ENV) was fitted to improve vehicle stability, as was a front anti-roll bar and revised rear springs which were mounted above the axle rather than below it. In the process the wheelbase was increased to 110 in (2,794 mm). Production ended in 1974 when Land-Rover rationalised its vehicle range. Many IIB components were also used on the "1 Ton" 109" vehicle. [ edit ] Series III Series III Production 1971-1985 Body style(s) 2-door Off-road vehicle 4-door Off-road vehicle 2-door pickup Engine(s) 2.25 L 73 hp (54 kW) I4 (Petrol) 2.25 L 62 hp (46 kW) I4 ( Diesel ) 2.6 L 86 hp (64 kW) I6 (Petrol) 3.5 L 91 hp (68 kW) V8 (Petrol) Transmission(s) 4 speed manual main transmission 2-speed manual transfer gearbox Selectable 4 wheel drive Wheelbase 88.0 in (2235 mm) (SWB) 109.0 in (2769 mm) (LWB) Length 142.4 in (3617 mm) (SWB) 175.0 in (4445 mm) (LWB) Width 66.0 in (1676 mm) Height 77.5 in (1969 mm) (SWB) 81.0 in (2057 mm) (LWB) The Series III had the same body and engine options as the preceding IIa, including station wagons and the 1 Ton versions. Little changed cosmetically from the IIA to the Series III . The Series III is the most common Series vehicle, with 440,000 of the type built from 1971 to 1985. The headlights were moved to the wings on late production IIA models from 1968/9 onward (ostensibly to comply with Australian, American and Dutch lighting regulations) and remained in this position for the Series III. The traditional metal grille, featured on the Series I, II and IIA, was replaced with a plastic one for the Series III model. The 2.25 litre engine had its compression raised from 7:1 to 8:1, increasing the power slightly (the high compression engine had been an optional fit on the IIa model for several years). During the Series III production run from 1971 until 1985, the 1,000,000th Land Rover rolled off the production line in 1976. The Series III saw many changes in the later part of its life as Land Rover updated the design to meet increased competition. This was the first model to feature synchromesh on all four gears, although some late H-suffix SIIA models (mainly the more expensive Station Wagons) had used the all-synchro box. In keeping with early 1970s trends in automotive interior design, both in safety and use of more advanced materials, the simple metal dashboard of earlier models was redesigned to accept a new moulded plastic dash. The instrument cluster, which was previously centrally located, was moved to the driver's side. Long-wheelbase Series III vehicles had the Salisbury rear axle as standard, although some late SIIA 109-inch vehicles had them too. In 1980 the 4-cylinder 2.25 litre engines (both petrol and diesel) were updated with five-bearing crankshafts to increase strength in heavy duty work. At the same time the transmission , axles and wheel hubs were re-designed for increased strength. This was the culmination of a series of updates to the transmission that had been made since the 1960s to combat the all-too-common problem of the rear axle half-shafts breaking in heavy usage. This problem was partly due to the design of the shafts themselves. Due to the fully-floating design of the rear wheel hubs, the half shafts can be removed very quickly without even having to jack the vehicle off the ground. The tendency for commercial operators to overload their vehicles exacerbated this flaw which blighted the Series Land Rovers in many of their export markets and established a reputation that continues in many markets to the present day. This is despite the 1982 re-design (mainly the changing of the driveshafts from 10 driving- splines to 24 to reduce stress) all but solved the problem. Also, new trim options were introduced to make the interior more comfortable if the buyer so wished (many farmers and commercial users preferred the original, non-trimmed interior). These changes culminated in April 1982 with the introduction of the "County" spec Station Wagon Land Rovers, available in both 88-inch (2,200 mm) and 109-inch (2,800 mm) types. These had all-new cloth seats from the Leyland T-45 Lorry, soundproofing kits, tinted glass and other "soft" options designed to appeal to the leisure owner/user. Of more interest was the introduction of the High Capacity Pick Up to the 109-inch (2,800 mm) chassis. This was a pick-up truck load bay that offered 25% more cubic capacity than the standard pick-up style. The HCPU came with heavy-duty suspension and was popular with public utility companies and building contractors. [ edit ] Stage One V8 From 1979 until 1985, [ 3 ] the Stage 1 was built using some of the same components as the Range Rover and 101 Forward Control, such as the LT95 gearbox and 3.5 litre Rover V8 petrol engine. The engine was detuned to 91 hp (68 kW) from the 135BHP that the Range Rover of the time had. The Stage 1 was available in a 109-inch (2,800 mm) and 88in wheelbase'. [ 4 ] "Stage 1" refers to the first stage of investment by the British Government in the company to improve the Land Rover and Range Rover product offerings, which eventually led to the Land Rover 90 and 110. The use of the Range Rover engine and drive train made it the only Series III vehicle to have permanent four wheel drive. [ edit ] 1 Ton The 1 Ton 109" - produced from 1968 to approx 1977, covering late IIA and early series III Models. It was basically a Series IIB Forward Control built with a standard 109" body, featuring 2.6 litre petrol engine, lower ratio gearbox, ENV front and rear axles, (Salisbury front and rear on later Series IIIs) though some late IIAs were fitted with ENV axles in front and Salisbury on the rear. The chassis frame was unique to the model and featured drop-shackle suspension similar to the military series Land Rovers. 900x16 tyres were a standard feature and these machines were commonly used by utility companies and breakdown/recovery firms. Only 170 IIa and 275 (approx) Series IIIs (1 Ton) were built for the home market. [ edit ] Australia Australia has always been an important export market for Land Rovers of all sorts, but especially the utility models. 80-inch Series I models were imported by the Australian government in the late 1940s for work on civil engineering projects such as dams and road construction, which brought the vehicle to the buying public's attention. Large sales followed and in the 1950s Land Rover established a factory in Australia to build CKD kits shipped from the Solihull factory. The Land Rover continued to sell well throughout the 1960s in Series II guise, commanding some 90% of the off-road market, and with practically every farm having at least one Land Rover. The lack of power was often resolved by replacing the engine with a Holden (161/173/186 etc.) engine for which conversion kits were readily available. The Series III continued this success in the early 1970s, but from the middle of the decade sales declined. A large coal export deal to Japan relied on the subsequent import of Japanese cars and other goods, a combination of this increasing competition and increasingly poor quality of the components being shipped from Britain meant that Land Rover's dominance slipped. A problem specific to Australia was the always-limited supply of new Land Rovers. Leyland's factory never had the capacity to meet possible demand and the need to import almost the entire vehicle in kit form from Britain restricted the supply and manufacturing process further. This led to a long waiting list developing for the Leyland product whilst commercial operators could receive large fleets of Japanese vehicles very quickly. The other problems faced by Land Rover were the same throughout its export markets- compared to the Japanese competition, the Land Rover was underpowered, unreliable and slow with a poor ride quality, despite their superior off-road ability. Poor rust-proofing and low-quality steel used in comparison to the Japanese vehicles turned the buyers away in large numbers and by 1983, with the introduction of the One Ten, the Land Cruiser was the best selling 4x4 in Australia. In the early 1980s, Land Rover Australia had made some changes to the vehicle to try and combat this sales decline. As well as the fitting of the V8 petrol engine in the 1979 "Stage One", as in the rest of the world, Australia also received the same vehicle with the option of a 3.9 litre 89 hp (66 kW) 4 cylinder Isuzu diesel engine. This helped slow the sales decline, but the rest of the vehicle's shortcomings let it down. The One Ten was also available with this engine, and a turbocharged version producing in excess of 100 horsepower (75 kW) powered the military 6x6. Land Rover Series III Pickup Short wheelbase Land Rover Series III [ edit ] Military The British Army used Series Land Rovers in large numbers (and continues to use the modern Defender versions). The British Army tested the 80-inch (2,000 mm) Series I Land Rover almost as soon as it was launched in 1948. At that time, the Army was more interested in developing a specially-designed military utility 4x4 (the Austin Champ ). However, the Champ proved too complex, heavy and unreliable in battlefield conditions so the Army looked to the Land Rover. In the late 1940s the Ministry of Defence was keen on the standardisation of its vehicles and equipment. Part of this plan was to fit Rolls-Royce petrol engines to all its vehicles (even though most were not actually built by R-R). A batch of Series I Land Rovers were fitted with Rolls-Royce B40 4-cylinder engine, which required modification to an 81-inch (2,100 mm) wheelbase). However, the engine was too heavy and slow-revving, which stunted performance, and produced torque that the Rover gearbox could only just cope with. Rover convinced the MOD that, considering the quantities of Land Rovers they were considering ordering, that the standard 1.6 litre engine would suffice. The MOD started ordering Land Rovers in batches from late 1949. The initial batches were for 50 vehicles, but by the mid 1950s the Army was buying Land Rovers 200 vehicles at a time. Land Rovers were deployed to the Korean War and the Suez Crisis , and became standard light military vehicles throughout the Commonwealth. However, as the 1960s progressed, more and more specialised versions were developed. As well as the standard 'GS' (General Service) vehicles, a common variant was the 'FFR' (Fitted For Radio', which had 24- volt electrics and a large engine-powered generator to power on-board radios. There were also Ambulances on the 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II chassis. A well-known version was the LRDPV (Long-Range Desert Patrol Vehicle), commonly called the 'Pink Panther', on account of their distinctive light pink sand camouflage. These 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series IIs were stripped of doors and windscreens and fitted with grenade launchers, a machine gun mounting ring and long-range fuel tanks and water tanks. They were used by the SAS for desert patrol and special operations. 1983 Series III HT Lightweight By the late 1970s the British Army had acquired around 9,000 Series III models, which were mainly a special 'Heavy Duty' version of the 109-inch (2,800 mm) Soft Top. These models had improved suspension components and a different chassis cross-member design. These were produced in 12-volt 'GS' models and 24-volt 'FFR' versions. A small number were 88-inch (2,200 mm) GS and FFR models, but in general the Army used the Air-Portable 1/2 ton, 88-inch (2,200 mm) "Lightweight" version. The Lightweight was in service by many armies all over the world. In Europe even the Dutch Landmacht and the Danish Army used the Land-Rover Lightweight. Instead of the petrol engine the Dutch and Danish Lightweights had diesel engines. Instead of the canvas top the Dutch ones had PVC tops like the modern Landrover Wolf. In addition, there were also 101-inch Forward Control models, 109-inch (2,800 mm) FV18067 ambulances built by Marshall Aerospace of Cambridge. The Royal Navy and Royal Air Force also acquired and maintained smaller Land Rover fleets during the 1960s and 1970s. The RAF used 88-inch (2,200 mm) models for communications, liaison, personnel transport and airfield tractor duties. The Royal Navy's fleet was, understandably, small and consisted mainly of GS-spec and Station Wagon versions for personnel and cargo transport. In the Falklands War of 1982 the British Army deployed several hundred Land Rovers to the South Atlantic. These never reached the Falklands as they were transported on the requesitioned merchant ship ' Atlantic Conveyor ' [ citation needed ] which was sunk in an airstrike. The loss of their light 4x4s caused numerous logistical problems for the British forces. After the conflict to replace the lost vehicles the Army ordered 200 Series III Land Rovers in 'Commercial Utility' specification (i.e. the most basic). These lacked the upgraded chassis and suspension that military-spec Land Rovers had and also had features such as the standard civilian front bumper, civilian headlights with trim surrounds and interiors that lacked the extra switchpanel that was installed for military customers. These civilian-spec vehicles served alongside the dedicated military specification fleet for over 10 years and proved to be just as robust. The Army's experience with these standard Land Rovers played a part in determining the specification for the Army's Ninety/One Ten fleet of later years, which were much closer to standard specification. All British military Land Rovers used the 2.25 litre 4-cylinder petrol engine. However, some overseas customers (such as The Netherlands ) specified the 2.25 litre diesel unit instead. The Land Rover is also the basis for the Shorland Internal Security Patrol Vehicle developed by Short Brothers . [ edit ] Minerva Minerva Land Rover Minerva of Belgium produced a vehicle called a Standard Vanguard , which was produced in Belgium, under licence of the Standard Motor Company . When Belgium's army needed a lightweight 4x4 vehicle, the head of Minerva, Monsieur van Roggen approached the Rover company in the spring of 1951. On 21 June, Rover discovered that they were competing against Willys Jeep for the contract. In October 1951, the deal was agreed and in 1952, the Minerva-Land Rover was produced. The Rover company supplied technical support for Minerva and allowed Minerva to produce Land Rovers under licence to Rover. Arthur Goddard , Rover Assistant Chief Engineer and head of Land Rover development was in charge of approving the changes Minerva wanted to make to the Land Rover as well as setting the factory up to assemble the vehicles. [ edit ] See also Light Utility Vehicle [ edit ] References ^ Sibur-Russian Tyres. "JustAuto Factsheet" . Just-auto.com . http://www.just-auto.com/factsheet.aspx?ID=180 . Retrieved 2010-09-30 .   ^ "News". Motor : pages 90–91. date 17 February 1968.   ^ "Land Rover Stage 1 V8 - History" . Landroverv8.com . http://www.landroverv8.com/history3.html . Retrieved 2010-06-25 .   ^ "Stage 1 V8 109" . Stage1v8.org.uk . http://www.stage1v8.org.uk/ . Retrieved 2010-09-30 .   [ edit ] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Land Rover Series I Land Rover Official website Land Rover at the Open Directory Project Land Rover clubs at the Open Directory Project First Overland - Website for the 1955–1956 London-Singapore by Land Rover Far East Expedition in 2 Series I Documented Restoration of a 1971 Series IIA - Full Image Gallery v   •   d   •   e Automobiles made by BMC , BL and Rover Group companies, post-1945 Austin  · Austin-Healey  · British Leyland  · Jaguar  · Land Rover  · Leyland  · Mini  · MG  · Morris  · Princess  · Riley  · Rover  · MG Rover  · Triumph  · Vanden Plas  · Wolseley Austin A40  · Cambridge  · Westminster  · A35  · Mini  · Mini Moke  · 1100 / 1300  · 1800 / 2200  · 3-Litre  · Maxi  · Allegro  · Ambassador  · Mini Metro  · Maestro  · Montego  · Lancer  · Freeway  · Tasman  · Kimberley Austin-Healey 100  · 3000  · Sprite Jaguar XJ6  · XJ12  · XJS Land Rover Series I, II & III  · Defender  · Range Rover  · Discovery  · Freelander  · Range Rover Sport Leyland Mini  · Mini Moke  · Marina  · P76 MG Magnette  · MGA  · MGB  · MGC  · Midget  · 1100/1300  · Metro  · Maestro  · Montego  · RV8  · MG F / MG TF  · MG ZR  · MG ZS  · MG ZT  · XPower SV Mini 850  · 1000  · 1275GT  · Clubman  · Cooper  · Moke Morris Minor  · Oxford  · Cowley  · Mini  · Mini Moke  · 1100 / 1300  · 1800 / 2200  · Marina  · Ital  · Marshal  · Major  · 1500  · Nomad Princess 1700 / 1800 / 2000 / 2200 Riley Pathfinder  · 2.6  · 1.5  · 4/68  · Elf  · Kestrel Rover P3  · P4  · P5  · P6  · P6 Estoura  · SD1  · 200  · 400  · 600  · 800  · Metro/100  · 25  · 45  · 75  · CityRover  · Streetwise Triumph Herald  · Spitfire  · Vitesse  · GT6  · Stag  · TR2  · TR3  · TR4  · TR4A  · TR5  · TR6  · TR7  · TR8  · Toledo  · 1300  · 1500  · 2000  · 2.5 & 2500  · Dolomite  · Acclaim Vanden Plas Princess Limousine  · Princess 3-litre  · Princess 4-litre "R"  · 1100 / 1300  · 1500 / 1700 Wolseley Ten  · 4/50  · Eight  · 6/80  · 4/44  · 6/90  · 15/50  · 15/60  · 1500  · 16/60  · 6/99  · 6/110  · Hornet  · 1100 / 1300  · 18/85 / Six  · 24/80 v   •   d   •   e Land Rover , vehicle timeline, 1940s–present Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Off-road vehicle Series I Series II Series III Ninety & One Ten Defender Mid-size SUV Range Rover Classic Full-size SUV Range Rover Range Rover Range Rover Mid-size SUV Discovery Series I Discovery Series II Discovery 3 Discovery 4 Compact SUV Freelander Freelander 2 Full-size SUV Range Rover Sport || Land Rover From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For more details of the vehicle's development between 1948 and 1985, see Land Rover Series . Land Rover Type Private Unlimited Company Industry Automotive Founded 1948 [ 1 ] Headquarters Gaydon , United Kingdom [ 2 ] Key people Ratan Tata (Chairman) Ralf Speth (CEO) Phil Popham (Managing Director) Products Automobiles Owner(s) Tata Motors Employees 13,000 Parent Jaguar Land Rover Website LandRover.com Land Rover Marque Owner Tata Motors Country United Kingdom Markets Automotive Previous Owners 1948–1967 Rover Company 1967–1968 Leyland Motor Corporation 1968–1986 British Leyland Motor Corporation 1986–1988 Rover Group 1988–1994 British Aerospace 1994–2000 BMW 2000–2008 Ford Motor Company Land Rover is a car manufacturer headquartered in Gaydon , United Kingdom which specialises in four-wheel drive vehicles. It is owned by Indian company Tata Motors , forming part of its Jaguar Land Rover subsidiary. [ 3 ] It is the second-oldest four-wheel drive car brand in the world (after Jeep ). [ 4 ] Land Rover originated as one specific vehicle, originally known just as the Land Rover , launched by Rover Company in 1948, and has developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel drive models, including the Defender , Discovery , Freelander and Range Rover . Land Rovers are currently assembled in Halewood , UK and Solihull , UK, with research and development primarily taking place in Gaydon. Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009. [ 5 ] Land Rover has had a number of owners during its history. In 1967 Rover Company became part of Leyland Motor Corporation and in 1968 Leyland Motor Corporation itself merged with British Motor Holdings to form British Leyland . In the 1980s British Leyland was broken-up and in 1988 Rover Group , including Land Rover, was acquired by British Aerospace . In 1994 Rover Group was acquired by BMW . In 2000 Rover Group was broken-up by BMW and Land Rover was sold to Ford Motor Company , becoming part of its Premier Automotive Group . In June 2008 Ford sold both Land Rover and Jaguar Cars to Tata Motors. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Contents 1 History 1.1 Sale to Tata 1.2 Timeline 2 Manufacturing 3 Models 3.1 Historic 3.2 Current 3.3 Military 3.4 Engines 4 Electric vehicles 5 Abilities 5.1 Expedition use 5.2 Military use 5.3 In competition 6 Driver training 7 Safety 8 Clubs 9 Bicycles and pushchairs 10 See also 11 References 12 External links [ edit ] History Land Rover Series I Land Rover Series IIa Series 88 The first Land Rover was designed in 1948 in the United Kingdom (on the island of Anglesey off the coast of Wales) by Maurice Wilks , chief designer at the British car company Rover on his farm in Newborough, Anglesey . [ 9 ] It is said that he was inspired by an American World War II Jeep that he used one summer at his holiday home in Wales. [ citation needed ] The first Land Rover prototype, later nicknamed ' Centre Steer ', was built on a Jeep chassis. A distinctive feature is their bodies, constructed of a lightweight rustproof proprietary alloy of aluminium and magnesium called Birmabright . This material was used because of the post-war steel shortage and the plentiful supply of post-war aircraft aluminium. This metal's resistance to corrosion was one of the factors that allowed the vehicle to build up a reputation for longevity in the toughest conditions. Land Rover once advertised that 75% of all vehicles ever built are still in use. [ citation needed ] In fact, Land Rover drivers sometimes refer to other makes of 4x4 as "disposables". [ 10 ] The early choice of colour was dictated by military surplus supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green; all models until recently feature sturdy box section ladder-frame chassis. The early vehicles, such as the Series I , were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced; advertisements for Rovers cite vehicles driven thousands of miles on banana oil . Now with more complex service requirements this is less of an option. The British Army maintains the use of the mechanically simple 2.5 litre 4-cylinder 300TDi engined versions rather than the electronically controlled 2.5 litre 5-cylinder TD5 to retain some servicing simplicity. This engine also continued in use in some export markets using units built at a Ford plant in Brazil, where Land Rovers were built under license and the engine was also used in Ford pick-up trucks built locally. Production of the TDi engine ended in the United Kingdom in 2006, meaning that Land Rover no longer offers it as an option. International Motors of Brazil offer an engine called the 2.8 TGV Power Torque, which is essentially a 2.8 litre version of the 300TDi, with a corresponding increase in power and torque. All power is combined with an All-Terrain Traction Control which gives active terrain response; Ferrari uses a similar system in race traction. During its ownership by Ford, Land Rover was associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components and production facilities. [ edit ] Sale to Tata On 11 June 2007, Ford Motor Company announced its plan to sell Land Rover, along with Jaguar . Ford retained the services of Goldman Sachs , Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the details of the deal. The buyer was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but the sale was delayed and an announcement was not made until March 2008. A UK-based private equity firm, Alchemy Partners, and the India-headquartered Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra expressed interest in purchasing Jaguar and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Before the sale was announced, Anthony Bamford, chairman of British excavators manufacturer JCB , had expressed interest in purchasing Jaguar Cars in August, the year previously; [ 13 ] only to back out when told the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he did not wish to buy. [ 14 ] Tata Motors received endorsements from the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU)- Amicus [ 15 ] combine and Ford as a preferred bidder. [ 16 ] On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors, and that the sale was expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2008. [ 6 ] On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata Motors was completed by both parties. [ 8 ] Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands: Jaguar's own Daimler , as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover . [ 17 ] BMW and Ford had previously retained ownership of the Rover brand to protect the integrity of the Land Rover brand, with which 'Rover' might be confused in the US 4x4 market; the Rover brand was originally used under license by MG Rover until it collapsed in 2005, at which point it was re-acquired by the then Ford Motor Company owned Land Rover Limited. [ edit ] Timeline A Land Rover dealership in San Jose 1948: Land Rover is designed by the Wilks Brothers and is manufactured by the Rover Car Company 1948: the Land Rover Series 1 was launched at the Amsterdam motor show 1958: Series II launched 1961: Series IIA began production 1967: Rover becomes part of Leyland Motors Ltd , later British Leyland (BL) as Rover Triumph. 1970: Introduction of the Range Rover 1971: Series III launched. 1975: BL collapses and is nationalised, publication of the Ryder Report recommends that Land Rover be split from Rover and be treated as a separate company within BL and becomes part of the new commercial vehicle division called the Land Rover Leyland Group 1976: One-millionth Land Rover leaves the production line. 1978: Land Rover Limited formed as a separate subsidiary of British Leyland [ 18 ] 1980: Rover car production ends at Solihull with the transfer of SD1 production to Cowley, Oxford; Solihull is now exclusively for Land Rover manufacture. 5-door Range Rover introduced. 1983: Land Rover 90 (Ninety)/110 (One-Ten)/127 (renamed Defender in 1990) introduced. 1986: BL plc becomes Rover Group plc; Project Llama started. 1988: Rover Group is privatised and becomes part of British Aerospace , and is now known simply as Rover . 1987: Range Rover is introduced to the U.S market March 16. 1989: Introduction of the Discovery 1994: Rover Group is taken over by BMW . Introduction of second-generation Range Rover. (The original Range Rover was continued under the name 'Range Rover Classic' until 1995) 1997: Land Rover introduces the Special Edition Discovery XD with AA Yellow paint, subdued wheels, SD type roof racks, and a few other off-road upgrades directly from the factory. Produced only for the North American market, the Special Vehicles Division of Land Rover created only 250 of these bright yellow SUV's. Official formation of the Camel Trophy Owners Club by co-founders Neill Browne, Pantelis Giamarellos and Peter Sweetser. 1997: Introduction of the Freelander 1998: Introduction of the second generation of Discovery 2000: BMW breaks up the Rover Group and sells Land Rover to Ford for £1.8 billion [ 19 ] 2002: Introduction of third-generation Range Rover 2005: Land Rover 'founder' Rover , collapses under the ownership of MG Rover Group. 2004: Introduction of the third-generation Discovery/LR3 2005: Introduction of Range Rover Sport 2005: Adoption of the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine to replace the BMW M62 V8 in the Range Rover 2006: Announcement of a new 2.4 litre diesel engine, 6-speed gearbox, dash and forward facing rear seats for Defender. Introduction of second generation of Freelander (Freelander 2). Ford acquires the Rover trademark from BMW, who previously licensed its use to MG Rover Group. 8 May 2007: 4,000,000th Land Rover rolls off the production line, a Discovery 3 (LR3), donated to The Born Free Foundation . 12 June 2007: Announcement from the Ford Motor Company that it plans to sell Land Rover and also Jaguar Cars . August 2007: India's Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra as well as financial sponsors Cerberus Capital Management , TPG Capital and Apollo Management expressed their interest in purchasing Jaguar Cars and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company. [ 20 ] 26 March 2008: Ford agreed to sell their Jaguar Land Rover operations to Tata Motors. [ 6 ] 2 June 2008:Tata Motors finalised their purchase of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford. [ 8 ] [ edit ] Manufacturing 80-inch Series I Land Rovers were manufactured primarily at the Solihull plant, near Birmingham , but production of the "Freelander" (2) was moved to the Jaguar car factory at Halewood near Liverpool , a former Ford car plant. Defender models are assembled under licence in several locations worldwide, including Spain ( Santana Motors ), Iran (Pazhan Morattab ), Brazil ( Karmann )and Turkey ( Otokar ). [ 21 ] The former BL/Rover Group technical centre at Gaydon in Warwickshire is home to the corporate and R&D headquarters. In May 2010, Tata Motors announced that it plans to build Land Rovers (as well as Jaguar cars) in China as the company seeks to cut costs and expand sales. [ 22 ] Tata announced in October 2010 that they have scrapped plans to close one of the two facilities in the midlands (Castle Bromwich, where the Jaguar XJ and XK cars are assembled, and Solihull, where Land Rovers are built). [ 23 ] [ 22 ] [ edit ] Models The Land Rover Freelander The 1997 Defender 90 Land Rover Series IIB Forward Control Land Rover 109 [ edit ] Historic Series I, II and III - the original 4×4 Range Rover Classic - the original Range Rover, produced from 1970 to 1996 [ edit ] Current 2008 UK Land Rover model line-up Model Type Land Rover Defender Light Utility 4×4 vehicle Freelander 2 Compact 4×4 Discovery 4 Mid-size 4×4 Range Rover Full-size 4×4 Range Rover Sport Mid-size 4×4 2010 US Land Rover model line-up Model Type Land Rover LR2 Compact SUV Land Rover LR4 Mid-size SUV Range Rover Full-size SUV Range Rover Sport Mid-size SUV At the 2004 North American International Auto Show , Land Rover introduced its first concept , the Range Stormer (Gritzinger, 2004). A "green" concept known as Land e was also shown. [ edit ] Military Models developed for the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) include: 101 Forward Control - also known as the "Land Rover One Tonne" 1/2 ton Lightweight - airportable military short wheelbase from the Series 2a Land Rover Wolf - an uprated Military Defender SNATCH Land Rover - Land Rover with composite armoured body in UK Armed Forces Service 109 Series IIa and III ambulance (body by Marshalls of Cambridge ) Range Rover '6x6' Fire Appliance (conversion by Carmichael and Sons of Worcester) for RAF airfield use 130 Defender ambulance 'Llama' prototypes for 101 replacement. [ edit ] Engines Main article: Land Rover engines During the history of the Land Rover many different engines have been fitted. The inlet-over-exhaust petrol engines ("semi side-valve"), in both four and six cylinder variants, which were used for the very first Land Rovers in 1948, and which had their origins in pre-war Rover cars. Cubic capacity of the first models was 1600cc. The four cylinder overhead valve engines, both petrol and diesel, which first appeared (in diesel form) in 1957, at the tail end of Series One production, and evolved over the years to the 300 TDi turbodiesel, which remains in production today for some overseas markets. The Buick -sourced all aluminium Rover V8 motor. 1,997 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Series I engine, carried over for the first few months of Series II production. 2,052 cc Diesel, overhead valve: Land Rover's first diesel engine, and one of the first small high-speed diesels produced in the UK. It appeared in 1957, and was used in Series II production until 1961. Looks almost identical to the later 2,286 cc engine, but many internal differences. It produced 51 bhp (38 kW). 2,286 cc Petrol, overhead valve, 3 bearing crank: 2,286 cc Diesel, overhead valve, 3 bearing crank: Appeared in 1961 alongside the redesigned 2,286 cc petrol engine at the start of Series IIA production, and shared its cylinder block and some other components. It produced 62 bhp (46 kW). 2,625 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Borrowed from the Rover saloon range, in response to demands from mid-Sixties Land Rover users for more power and torque. 2,286 cc petrol/diesel, overhead valve type 11J: 5 bearing crank: In 1980, Land Rover finally did something about the crank failures which had plagued its four cylinder engines for 22 years. [ citation needed ] These engines lasted beyond the end of Series III production and into the first couple of years of the new Ninety and One Ten ranges. 3,528 cc V8 Petrol: The ex-Buick all alloy V8 engine appeared in the Range Rover right from the start of production in 1970, but did not make its way into the company's utility vehicles until 1979. 2,495 cc petrol, overhead valve: The final development of Land Rover's ohv petrol 'four', with hardened valve seats which allow running on unleaded (or LPG). 2,495 cc diesel, overhead valve, type 12J: Land Rover reworked the old 'two and a quarter' diesel for the Eighties. The injection pump was driven off a toothed belt at the front of the engine (together with the camshaft), a change compared with the older diesels. 2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, type 19J 2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, 200TDi and 300TDi: Used in the Defender and Discovery from 1990. The cylinder block was similar to the previous engine, although strengthened internally with an aluminium ladder frame bolted to the bearing caps, but the cylinder head was all-new and a direct injection fuel system was used. 2,495 cc turbodiesel, 5-cylinder, TD5: An all-new engine for the second generation Discovery, and this also found its way into the Defender. The TD5 features electronic control of the fuel injection system (with a control unit under the driver's seat), 'drive by wire' throttle and other refinements, all aimed at minimising exhaust emissions. The Freelander was available with various Rover K-series engines . [ edit ] Electric vehicles This section requires expansion . Integrated Electric Rear Axle Drive (ERAD) technology, dubbed e-terrain technology, [ 24 ] will allow the vehicle to move off without starting the engine as well as supplying extra power over tough terrain. [ 24 ] Land Rover’s Diesel ERAD Hybrid was developed as part of a multi-million-pound project supported by the UK Government’s Energy Saving Trust , under the low carbon research and development programme. ERAD programme is one of a broad range of sustainability-focused engineering programmes that Land Rover is pursuing, brought together by the company under the collective name e TERRAIN Technologies . [ 25 ] Land Rover has presented in the 2008 London Motor Show its new ERAD diesel-electric hybrid in a pair of Freelander 2 (LR2) prototypes. The new hybrid system is being designed as a scalable and modular system that could be applied across a variety of Land Rover models and powertrains. [ 26 ] Land Rover unveiled the LRX hybrid concept at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, for it to be going into production. [ 27 ] An ERAD will enable the car to run on electric power at speeds below 20 mph (32 km/h). [ 28 ] [ edit ] Abilities Land-Rovers at AgQuip , Gunnedah . The use of Land Rovers by the British and Commonwealth military, as well as on long term civilian projects and expeditions, is mainly due to the marque's off-road performance. For example, the short wheelbase version of the Land Rover Defender is capable of tackling a gradient of 45 degrees, an approach angle of up to 50 degrees, a departure angle of 53 degrees and a ramp break-over of up to 25 degrees. A feature of all Land Rover products has been their axle articulation (the degree to which the wheels have vertical travel, with allowing them to maintain contact with the ground over uneven surfaces), which is currently 7 inch (178 mm) at the front axle and 8.25 inch (210 mm) at the rear on basic Defender models. While developing more car-like, road-orientated models over years, Land Rover markets all its vehicles as fully off-road capable- including the Range Rover , which is equipped with a two-speed transfer box and long-travel suspension, as well as an array of electronic aids such as Land Rover's 'Terrain Response' system and traction control. The drivetrain and structure is capable of off-roading in all conditions as well as a towing loads of up to 4 tons. [ citation needed ] Power take-off (PTO) was integral to the Land Rover concept from 1948, enabling farm machinery and many other items to be run with the vehicle stationary. Maurice Wilks' original instruction was "...to have power take-offs everywhere!" The 1949 report by the British National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Scottish Machinery Testing Station described "the power take-off is driven through a Hardy-Spicer propeller shaft from the main gearbox output and two interchangeable pinions giving two ratios. The PTO gearbox casing is bolted to the rear chassis cross-member and an 8 by 8 inches (200 × 200 mm) belt pulley driven from the PTO shaft through two bevel gears can be bolted to the PTO gearbox casing." PTOs remained regular options on Series I, II and III Land Rovers up to the demise of the Series Land Rover in 1985. An agricultural PTO on a Defender is possible as a special order. Land Rover (the Series/Defender models ) is that they are available in a variety of body styles, from a simple canvas-topped pick-up truck to a 12-seat fully trimmed station wagon . Both Land Rover and out-of-house contractors have offered conversions and adaptations to the basic vehicle, such as fire engines , excavators, 'cherry picker' hydraulic platforms, ambulances , snowploughs , and 6-wheel drive versions, as well as one-off special builds including amphibious Land Rovers and vehicles fitted with tracks instead of wheels. [ edit ] Expedition use Today's Land Rover Defender model has a 1-tonne payload, making it a stand-alone expedition vehicle. The Defender's unique combination of thrifty fuel consumption and generous payload means that while comparable vehicles (Mercedes G-Wagon, Mercedes Unimog, Land Cruiser, Jeep, etc.) sometimes match the Defender in off-road driving performance, the Defenders payload advantage permits greater independence of fuel and water resupply points. For example, with one driver, one passenger, and food and clothing supplies, a stock Turbo Diesel Defender 110 has the payload and fuel consumption ability to enable it to carry 30 jerrycans of fuel and water and attain an off-road driving range of over 4,000 km (2,500 mi) lasting 10 days. [ citation needed ] [ edit ] Military use British Land Rover near Pyongyang , November 1950, during the Korean war A mired Land Rover of the 1st Armoured Division being extracted during the Gulf War . Defenders of the Bermuda Regiment , 1994. Land Rovers on parade with the Italian Army , Navy and Air Force , June 2007. Various Land Rover models have been used in a military capacity, most notably by the British army . Modifications may include military "blackout" lights, heavy duty suspension, uprated brakes, 24 volt electrics, convoy lights, electronic suppression of the ignition system, blackout curtains and mounts for special equipment and small arms. Dedicated military models have been produced such as the 101 Forward Control and the air-portable 1/2 ton Lightweight . Military uses include light utility vehicle; communications platform; weapon platform for recoilless rifles , Anti-Tank (e.g. TOW ) / Surface-to-Air Guided Weapons or machine guns ; ambulances and workshops. The Discovery has also been used in small numbers, mostly as liaison vehicles. Two models that have been designed for military use from the ground up are the 101 Forward Control from the early 1970s and the Lightweight or Airportable from the late 1960s. The latter was intended to be transported under a helicopter. The Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service (RAFMRS) teams were early users in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and their convoys of Land Rovers and larger military trucks are a sight often seen in the mountain areas of the United Kingdom. Originally RAFMRS Land Rovers had blue bodies and bright yellow tops, to be better seen from above. In 1981, the colour scheme was changed to green with yellow stripes. More recently, vehicles have been painted white, and are issued with fittings similar to civilian UK Mountain Rescue teams. An adaptation of Land Rovers to military purposes is the "Pink Panther" models. Approximately 100 Series IIAs were adapted to reconnaissance use by the British special operations forces the SAS . For desert use they were often painted pink, hence the name. The vehicles were fitted with among other gear a sun compass , machine guns, larger fuel tanks and smoke dischargers. Similar adaptations were later made to Series IIIs and 90/110/Defenders. [ 29 ] The 75th Ranger Regiment of the United States Army also adapted twelve versions of the Land Rover that were officially designated the RSOV (Ranger Special Operations Vehicle.) Series and Defenders have also been uparmoured. The most widespread of these is the Shorts Shorland , built by Shorts Brothers of Belfast . The first of these were delivered in 1965 to the Royal Ulster Constabulary , the Northern Ireland police force. They were originally 109-inch (2,800 mm) wheelbase models with an armoured body and a turret from the Ferret armoured car . In 1990 there had been more than 1,000 produced. [ 30 ] In the 1970s a more conventional armoured Land Rover was built for the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Wales called the Hotspur. The Land Rover Tangi was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles (the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK)). Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as Snatch . These were originally based on heavy duty V8 110 chassis but some have recently been re-mounted on new chassis from Otokar of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Although these now have more in common with the 'Wolf' (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse them with, the Snatch and the Wolf are different vehicles. The most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur halftrack . It was based on a Series III with a V8 engine and a shortened belt drive from the Alvis Scorpion light tank . A small number was manufactured, and they were used by Ghana , among others. The Land Rover is used by military forces throughout the world. However, it is increasingly being supplemented, and even replaced, by larger vehicles. For instance the Pinzgauer , now built in the UK, is increasingly common in roles previously the preserve of the Land Rover Defender, such as ambulances, artillery tractors and weapons platforms. This is mainly due to the demands of modern warfare- combat vehicles today are generally required to carry much more equipment in the form of weaponry, communications equipment and armour. A 'soft' light 4x4 like the traditional Land Rover simply does not have the load capacity or strength of a larger medium-duty vehicle like the Pinzgauer. Even the current generation of Land Rover used by the British Army, the Snatch 2, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension compared to civilian-specification vehicles. There is also the Land Rover WMIK (weapon mounted installation kit) used by the British Army. The WMIK consists of a driver, a raised gun, usually a Browning heavy machine gun or a grenade machine gun, this used for ground support, and a GPMG (general purpose machine gunner) located next to the driver, this used for vehicle protection. [ edit ] In competition Highly modified Land Rovers have competed in the Paris Dakar Rally and won the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge almost every year, as well as having been the vehicle used for the Camel Trophy and more recently in the Odyssey Driving Around the World expedition series as part of a sponsorship deal. Now, Land Rover has its own G4 challenge . [ 31 ] [ edit ] Driver training Land Rover Experience was established in 1998, and consists of a network of centres throughout the world, set up to help customers get the most out of their vehicle's on and off-road capability. The flagship centre is based in Eastnor, Herefordshire in the UK, which has long been used as an engineering test and development facility. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching, and trailer handling, along with a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'. Land Rover Experience . [ edit ] Safety This section requires expansion . Road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis from the UK Department for Transport show that the Land Rover Defender is one of the safest cars on British roads, measured in terms of chance of death in two car injury accidents. [ 32 ] The figures, which were based on data collected by police forces following accidents between 2000 and 2004 in Great Britain, showed that Defender drivers had a 1% chance of being killed or seriously injured and a 33% chance of sustaining any kind of injury. Other four-wheel-drive vehicles scored equally highly, and collectively these vehicles were much safer than those in other classes such as passenger cars and MPVs. The figures acknowledge that drivers of large mass vehicles are likely to be safer, often at the expense of other drivers if they collide with smaller cars. [ edit ] Clubs There are many Land Rover clubs throughout the UK and internationally. Land Rover clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests. Single Marque Clubs - Bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle such as the Series One Club, [ 33 ] or the Discovery Owners Club. [ 34 ] Clubs based on ownership of earlier series vehicles tend to attract the purists amongst Land Rover owners whose interests often relate to restoration of their vehicles to their original condition. [ citation needed ] Special Vehicle Clubs - At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the Camel Trophy and G4 Challenge vehicles which have been sold on to the general public, and a range of Defenders that were loosely based on the custom vehicles produced for the Tomb Raider motion picture. Regional Clubs - These break down into two groups, competitive and non-competitive clubs. Non-competitive clubs activities generally relate to social events, off road driving or green laning on un-surfaced public highways or 'pay and play' days at off road centres. Competitive clubs are a phenomenon almost exclusively found within the UK, who as well as the non-competitive activities detailed above run competitive events such as Tyro, Road Taxed Vehicle (RTV) and Cross Country Vehicle (CCV) trials, winch and recovery challenges or speed events such as Competitive Safari's. All UK competitive events are run within the framework of rules created by the Motor Sports Association (MSA) with further vehicle specific rules applied by the host club or association. A number of clubs are affiliated to the Association of Land Rover Clubs [ 35 ] (ALRC) formerly known as the Association of Rover Clubs (ARC) the association applies its own vehicle regulations to all of its member clubs who have the opportunity to compete together at regional events and an annual national event with vehicles approved to the same standard. Club Licensing - In 2005 under Ford ownership the Land Rover company became more interested in the club environment. An internal club was formed, The Land Rover Club [ 36 ] a club exclusive to employees of the Ford Premier Automotive Group (Now exclusive to the new 'Jaguar - Land Rover' group since the brand moved away from the Ford stable). Also, an agreement was generated to allow other clubs to use the Land Rover green oval logo under licence. In 2006 the Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire [ 37 ] club were the pilot licensees for the new agreement, who now benefit from a reciprocal arrangement where their own logo is trade marked [ 38 ] and owned by Land Rover and they can refer to themselves as a 'Land Rover Approved Club'. [ edit ] Bicycles and pushchairs In 1995 Land Rover endorsed the production of a hand-made bicycle using its logo. The bicycle was called the Land Rover APB and was manufactured by Pashley Cycles , of Stratford-upon-Avon, being the collapsible version of their Moulton designed APB (All Purpose Bicycle) model with leading link front suspension with adjustable damping and stroke. It was available in Golden Yellow with Green lettering or British Racing Green with yellow lettering colour scheme. Two more models immediately followed the Land Rover XCB V-20 and was aimed primarily at younger riders (children) and the Land Rover XCB D-26, also available as the M26 being one of the first bicycles offered with hydraulic rim brakes, front suspension and suspension seat pillar. In June 2004 Land Rover released a comprehensive 25 model range of bicycles to complement the automotive range. The three main ranges are the 'Defender' the 'Discovery' and the 'Freelander'. Each range has its different attributes. The 'Discovery' is an all-rounder bicycle and is suited to a mixture of different terrains. The 'Defender' range is most suited to rugged terrain and off road pursuits, whereas the 'Freelander' is designed for an urban lifestyle. All bikes are made from lightweight aluminium and cost from £200-£900. Land Rover gave UK pram company Pegasus a license to produce a three-wheeler range of Land Rover ATP pushchairs. The design reflected the heritage of the marque, with a light metal frame with canvas seating, held together with push-studs and tough simple parts like brakes and hinges. They could be collapsed completely flat, with wheels removed in seconds. The basic frame could be adapted with modules to allow a baby to lie flat or a bubble windscreen to completely enclose the child. The frame also came in long or short-handled versions, and could be repaired with home tools. The design was simple, light, and rugged and able to travel in all terrains (hence the ATP for all-terrain pushchair.) It came in three military looking colours: a light blue, a sand colour and olive drab. Production was discontinued in 2002. [ 39 ] [ edit ] See also Land Rover Series Land Rover Defender Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Freelander Range Rover Range Rover Evoque Range Rover Sport Camel Trophy Land Rover G4 Challenge Criticism of sport utility vehicles Land Rover Our Planet Programme [ edit ] References ^ Graham Robson (1981). The Rover company (2 ed.). Patrick Stephens. ISBN   0850595436 .   ^ "Tata completes JLR buyout; appoints David Smith as CEO" . Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2 June 2008 . http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/006200806021860.htm . Retrieved 30 October 2010 .   ^ "Joint Venture, Subsidiary and Associate Companies: Jaguar Land Rover" . Tata Motors . http://www.tatamotors.com/our_world/associates00.php?PageID=13 . Retrieved 27 July 2010 .   ^ "Car Reviews - Road test - Jeep Patriot" . Exchange and Mart. October 2007 . http://www.exchangeandmart.co.uk/car-reviews/jeep/patriot . Retrieved 2 October 2010 .   ^ Arnott, Sarah (2010-08-11). "Booming sales at Jaguar Land Rover boost Tata Motors profits" . London: The Independent . http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/booming-sales-at-jaguar-land-rover-boost-tata-motors-profits-2049056.html . Retrieved 2 October 2010 .   ^ a b c Ford Motor Company (2008-03-26). "Ford Motor Company Announces Agreement to Sell Jaguar Land Rover to Tata Motors" . Press release . http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=27953 . Retrieved 2008-03-27 .   ^ Tata Motors (2008-03-26). "Tata Motors enters into Definitive Agreement with Ford for purchase of Jaguar Land Rover" . Press release . http://www.tatamotors.com/our_world/press_releases.php?ID=356&action=Pull . Retrieved 2008-03-27 .   ^ a b c "Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover" . Thomson Reuters. 2 June 2008 . http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602 . Retrieved 2008-06-02 .   ^ Article on page M5 of The Daily Telegraph entitled "The sands of time" by Kevin Hackett about Wilks' prototype (Issue 47,531, dated 29th March 2008) ^ "net report that 75% of Land Rovers ever built are still in use" . Landroverclub.net . http://www.landroverclub.net . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ Forbes India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar ^ CNN India's Tata eyeing Jaguar and Land Rover ^ Neil Gerrard (2006-08-24). "JCB's Sir Anthony Bamford eyes Jaguar - 24 August 2006" . Contract Journal . http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/08/24/51974/jcbs-sir-anthony-bamford-eyes-jaguar.html . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ Neil Gerrard (2006-10-16). "JCB will not buy Jaguar - 16 October 2006" . Contract Journal . http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/10/16/52516/jcb-will-not-buy-jaguar.html . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Tata set to clinch the Jaguar-Land Rover deal: Report" . Press Trust of India. 2007-12-20 . http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tata_set_to_clinch_Jaguar-Land_Rover_deal_Report/articleshow/2637533.cms . Retrieved 2007-12-20 .   ^ "Ford set to pick Jaguar frontrunner in days: source" . Reuters. 2007-12-17 . http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/17/AR2007121700620.html . Retrieved 2007-12-18 .   [ dead link ] ^ "5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal" . Leftlane News. 28 March 2008 . http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 . Retrieved 2008-03-28 .   ^ Land Rover. "Sixty Years and Four Million Vehicles: Milestones of Land Rover's History" . Press release . http://uk.medialandrover.com/uploads/pdf/sixty_year_anniversary_timeline_4cd8.doc . Retrieved 2008-04-06 .   ^ "BMW, Ford seal Land Rover deal" . BBC News . 2000-05-24 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/761794.stm . Retrieved 2010-05-07 .   ^ "India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar" . Forbes.com. 2007-08-24 . http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ geocites.com guide to Land Rover ^ a b Rothwell, Steven; Nair, Vipin V. (28 May 21010). "Tata Motors Plans to Build Jaguar, Land Rover Models in China" . Business Week . http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-28/tata-motors-plans-to-build-jaguar-land-rover-models-in-china.html . Retrieved 27 July 2010 .   ^ "Jaguar Land Rover rips up West Midland factory closure plan" . BBC News . 2010-10-15 . http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/11549930 .   ^ a b "Land Rover Announces Diesel ERAD Hybrid & e_Terrain Technologies" . Worldcarfans . http://www.worldcarfans.com/9080722.009/land-rover-announces-diesel-erad-hybrid--e_terrain-technologies . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ "Factory News" . Roversnorth.com . http://www.roversnorth.com/weblog/?p=42 . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ "Land Rover presents ERAD diesel-hybrid prototypes - MotorAuthority - Car news, reviews, spy shots" . MotorAuthority. 2008-07-22 . http://www.motorauthority.com/land-rover-presents-erad-diesel-hybrid-prototypes.html . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ "Land Rover Working On Diesel Erad Hybrid And E_Terrain Technologies" . cubi[CC]apacity . http://www.cubiccapacity.com/land-rover-working-diesel-erad-hybrid-and-e_terrain-technologies/ . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ "Land Rover unveils eco-car / How To Save Energy / Daily news / Resources / Home" . Energy Saving Trust . http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/content/view/full/20388/resources . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ Bob Morrison: Land Rovers in military service , Brooklands Books 1993, ISBN 1-85520-205-0 ^ "Shorland.info" . Shorland.info . http://www.shorland.info/articles/clive001.html . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   [ dead link ] ^ "Land Rover International - Latest News - Corporate News" . Landroverg4challenge.com. 2009-03-11 . http://www.landroverg4challenge.com . Retrieved 2009-06-19 .   ^ "Cars: make and model: the risk of driver injury in GB: 2000-2004" . Department for Transport . 12 October 2006. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008 . http://web.archive.org/web/20080613172011/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/vehicles/carsmmrisk/carsmakeandmodeltheriskofdri1800 . Retrieved 28 July 2009 .   ^ "Land Rover Series One Club website" . Lrsoc.demon.co.uk . http://www.lrsoc.demon.co.uk . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Discovery Owners' Club website" . Discoveryownersclub.org . http://www.discoveryownersclub.org . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Association of Land Rover Clubs website" . Alrc.co.uk . http://www.alrc.co.uk . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Land Rover Club website" . Landroversclub.org . http://www.landroversclub.org . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Beds, Herts & Cambs Land Rover Club website" . Bhclrc.co.uk . http://www.bhclrc.co.uk . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "IPO UK" . Ipo.gov.uk . http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=2402968 . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   ^ "Land Rover Pushchairs Online" . Landroverpushchairs.co.uk . http://www.landroverpushchairs.co.uk/acatalog/index.html . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .   [ edit ] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Land Rover Land Rover Global Home Land Rover YouTube channel Land Rover and Land Rover clubs at the Open Directory Project Land Rover VIN codes on Wikibooks Land Rover at the Internet Movie Cars Database v   •   d   •   e Tata Motors Tata brands Tata  · Tata Daewoo  · Jaguar  · Land Rover  · Tata Hispano Cars/MUVs/SUVs Nano  · Indica  · Indigo  · Sumo  · Sumo Grande  · Safari  · Aria Concept models OneCAT  · Indica Silhouette  · Xover  · Elegante  · Aria Coupe  · Cliffrider Pick-ups 207 DI  · TL  · Xenon XT Buses Globus  · Hispano Globus  · Starbus  · Marcopolo Bus Medium and heavy trucks Construck  · Novus  · Prima Mini vans Winger  · Magic  · Iris  · Venture SCVs/LCVs 407  · Ace Historic models Sierra  · Estate  · Tata Mobile v   •   d   •   e Automotive industry in the United Kingdom Commercial vehicle producers Alexander Dennis ( Plaxton )  • Ford of Europe ( Southampton plant )  • GMM Luton  • JCB  • Leyland Trucks  • Manganese Bronze Holdings (London Taxis International)  • Modec  • Optare  • Smith Electric Vehicles  • Stevens Vehicles  • Wrightbus Government and regulatory bodies Department for Transport  • Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency  • Driving Standards Agency  • Vehicle Certification Agency  • Vehicle and Operator Services Agency Motorsport Arena Motorsport  • Cosworth  • Engine Developments Ltd.  • Force India  • Ford World Rally Team  • Hewland  • Lola Cars  • Lotus Racing  • McLaren  • Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines  • Mercedes GP  • Motorsport in the United Kingdom  • M-Sport  • Munchi's Ford World Rally Team  • Prodrive  • Red Bull Racing  • Renault F1  • Ricardo  • RML Group  • Stobart M-Sport Ford Rally Team  • Team Dynamics  • Triple 8 Race Engineering  • Van Diemen  • Virgin Racing  • WilliamsF1  • Wirth Research  • Xtrac  • Zytek Motorsport Passenger and sports car producers Ariel  • Ascari Cars  • Aston Martin  • Bentley ( Crewe plant )  • Bristol Cars  • Caterham Cars  • Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom   · Ford of Europe ( Dagenham plant )  • Ginetta Cars  • GKD Sports Cars  • Honda UK  • Jaguar Cars ( Castle Bromwich plant  • Halewood plant  • Whitley plant )  • Land Rover ( Halewood plant )  • Lotus Cars  • McLaren Automotive  • MG ( Longbridge plant )  • Mini ( Oxford plant )  • Morgan Motor Company  • Nissan UK  • Noble Automotive  • Rolls-Royce Motor Cars ( Goodwood plant )  • Toyota UK  • TVR  • Vauxhall Motors  • Westfield Sportscars Retailers and service companies The AA  • Halfords  • Inchcape  • Kwik-Fit  • Lookers  • Pendragon  • RAC Suppliers and consultancies Cosworth  • Cummins UK  • GKN  • Johnson Matthey  • Lotus Engineering  • MIRA  • Perkins Engines  • Pilkington  • Quaife  • Ricardo  • Tata Steel Europe  • Tomkins  • Transport Research Laboratory  • Unipart  • Warwick Manufacturing Group  • Zytek Other Autocar  • Car Magazine  • European Automobile Manufacturers Association  • List of countries by motor vehicle production  • List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production  • Motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom  • Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents  • Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders  • Top Gear  • What Car? Category:Industry in the United Kingdom v   •   d   •   e British car industry – companies and marques Marque 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce Limited Rolls-Royce Limited & Bentley Rolls-Royce Motors Rolls-Royce Motors ( Vickers ) BMW & VW Group BMW Bentley Bentley Volkswagen Group Armstrong Siddeley Siddeley-Deasy Armstrong Whitworth Armstrong Siddeley Bristol Siddeley Rolls-Royce Limited Rolls-Royce plc Aston Martin Aston Martin Aston Martin Lagonda Ford PAG Aston Martin Lagonda Lagonda Lagonda Jaguar SS Cars Jaguar Jaguar & Daimler BMH BLMC / British Leyland Jaguar & Daimler Ford PAG Tata Daimler Daimler BSA BSA Lanchester Lanchester Rover Rover Rover Rover Austin Rover Group & Land Rover Group ( BL plc ) Rover Group ( BAe ) Rover Group ( BMW ) MG Rover Group ( PVH ) Land Rover Ford PAG Alvis Alvis BAE Systems Standard Standard Standard Triumph Leyland Motors British Motor Heritage Triumph Dawson Triumph BMW Riley Riley Nuffield Organisation BMC BMH MG Morris Garages (MG) Rover Group ( BMW ) MG Rover Group ( PVH ) SAIC & NAC SAIC Morris Morris Morris Wolseley Wolseley Austin Austin Austin Vanden Plas Vanden Plas Mini Mini (BMW) Austin-Healey Austin ( BMC ) & Donald Healey Jensen Jensen Motors Britcar Holdings Jensen Cars Reliant Reliant Reliant Bond Bond AC AC Cars (several ownership & company name changes) Argyll Argyll Argyll Bristol Cars Bristol Cars Caterham Caterham Crossley Crossley Dutton Dutton Dutton Ginetta Ginetta Gordon-Keeble Peerless & Warwick Gordon-Keeble Jowett Jowett Blackburn Lea-Francis Lea-Francis Lotus Lotus General Motors Europe Proton McLaren McLaren Marcos Marcos Marcos Marcos Morgan Morgan Napier Napier Turner Turner TVR TVR Westfield Westfield Potenza Sports Cars GTM GTM Vauxhall Vauxhall Motors General Motors General Motors Europe Vulcan Vulcan Hillman Hillman Humber Rootes Chrysler Europe ( Chrysler ) Peugeot ( PSA ) Humber Humber Singer Singer Rootes Sunbeam Sunbeam Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq Rootes (as Sunbeam-Talbot ) Rootes Rootes Talbot Talbot Marque 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s v   •   d   •   e British Leyland – car companies and marques Marque 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Jaguar SS Cars Jaguar Jaguar & Daimler BMH BLMC / British Leyland Jaguar & Daimler Ford PAG Tata Daimler Daimler BSA BSA Lanchester Lanchester Rover Rover Rover Rover Austin Rover Group & Land Rover Group ( BL plc ) Rover Group ( BAe ) Rover Group ( BMW ) MG Rover Group ( PVH ) Land Rover Ford PAG Alvis Alvis BAE Systems Standard Standard Standard Triumph Leyland Motors British Motor Heritage Triumph Dawson Triumph BMW Riley Riley Nuffield Organisation BMC BMH MG Morris Garages (MG) Rover Group ( BMW ) MG Rover Group ( PVH ) SAIC & NAC SAIC Morris Morris Morris Wolseley Wolseley Austin Austin Austin Vanden Plas Vanden Plas Mini Mini (BMW) Austin-Healey Austin ( BMC ) & Donald Healey Marque 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s v   •   d   •   e Automobiles made by BMC , BL and Rover Group companies, post-1945 Austin  · Austin-Healey  · British Leyland  · Jaguar  · Land Rover  · Leyland  · Mini  · MG  · Morris  · Princess  · Riley  · Rover  · MG Rover  · Triumph  · Vanden Plas  · Wolseley Austin A40  · Cambridge  · Westminster  · A35  · Mini  · Mini Moke  · 1100 / 1300  · 1800 / 2200  · 3-Litre  · Maxi  · Allegro  · Ambassador  · Mini Metro  · Maestro  · Montego  · Lancer  · Freeway  · Tasman  · Kimberley Austin-Healey 100  · 3000  · Sprite Jaguar XJ6  · XJ12  · XJS Land Rover Series I, II & III  · Defender  · Range Rover  · Discovery  · Freelander  · Range Rover Sport Leyland Mini  · Mini Moke  · Marina  · P76 MG Magnette  · MGA  · MGB  · MGC  · Midget  · 1100/1300  · Metro  · Maestro  · Montego  · RV8  · MG F / MG TF  · MG ZR  · MG ZS  · MG ZT  · XPower SV Mini 850  · 1000  · 1275GT  · Clubman  · Cooper  · Moke Morris Minor  · Oxford  · Cowley  · Mini  · Mini Moke  · 1100 / 1300  · 1800 / 2200  · Marina  · Ital  · Marshal  · Major  · 1500  · Nomad Princess 1700 / 1800 / 2000 / 2200 Riley Pathfinder  · 2.6  · 1.5  · 4/68  · Elf  · Kestrel Rover P3  · P4  · P5  · P6  · P6 Estoura  · SD1  · 200  · 400  · 600  · 800  · Metro/100  · 25  · 45  · 75  · CityRover  · Streetwise Triumph Herald  · Spitfire  · Vitesse  · GT6  · Stag  · TR2  · TR3  · TR4  · TR4A  · TR5  · TR6  · TR7  · TR8  · Toledo  · 1300  · 1500  · 2000  · 2.5 & 2500  · Dolomite  · Acclaim Vanden Plas Princess Limousine  · Princess 3-litre  · Princess 4-litre "R"  · 1100 / 1300  · 1500 / 1700 Wolseley Ten  · 4/50  · Eight  · 6/80  · 4/44  · 6/90  · 15/50  · 15/60  · 1500  · 16/60  · 6/99  · 6/110  · Hornet  · 1100 / 1300  · 18/85 / Six  · 24/80 v   •   d   •   e Land Rover , vehicle timeline, 1940s–present Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Off-road vehicle Series I Series II Series III Ninety & One Ten Defender Mid-size SUV Range Rover Classic Full-size SUV Range Rover Range Rover Range Rover Mid-size SUV Discovery Series I Discovery Series II Discovery 3 Discovery 4 Compact SUV Freelander Freelander 2 Full-size SUV Range Rover Sport v   •   d   •   e Selected Royal Warrant holders of the British Royal Family By Appointment to HM The Queen Abels Moving Services  · Angostura Limited  · AkzoNobel  · Autoglym  · Bendicks  · Bentley Motors  · Bollinger  · Britvic  · BT  · Burberry  · Cadbury  · Carphone Warehouse  · Carr's  · Castrol  · Charbonnel et Walker  · DHL Express  · Dollond & Aitchison  · Dorma Leicester  · Ede and Ravenscroft  · Frank Smythson  · Gieves & Hawkes  · H. P. Bulmer  · J. Barbour and Sons  · James Purdey and Sons  · Jaguar Cars  · John Lewis  · John Lewis Reading  · John Lobb  · Launer London Ltd  · Land Rover  · Mappin and Webb  · Martini & Rossi  · Mr Steeds  · Nestlé  · Roger Pope and Partners  · Roberts Radio  · Ryvita  · Schweppes  · Spode  · Steinway & Sons  · Tanqueray  · Twinings  · Waitrose  · Weetabix  · William Drake  · Windsorian Coach  · Worcestershire Medal Service  · Vauxhall Motors By Appointment to HRH The Duke of Edinburgh Dollond & Aitchison  · Ede and Ravenscroft  · Frank Smythson  · Gieves & Hawkes  · Hatchards  · Holland & Holland  · James Purdey and Sons  · John Lobb  · Land Rover  · Lyle & Scott  · Penhaligon's  · Truefitt & Hill By Appointment to HRH The Prince of Wales Aston Martin  · Autoglym  · Bentley Motors  · Burberry  · Crabtree & Evelyn  · Ede and Ravenscroft  · Frank Smythson  · Gieves & Hawkes  · Holland & Holland  · Jaguar Cars  · James Purdey and Sons  · John Lobb  · Land Rover  · Laphroaig  · Linn Products  · Penhaligon's  · Peter Jones  · Ritz Hotel  · Roberts Radio  · Shepherd Neame  · Turnbull & Asser  · Twinings  · Vauxhall Motors  · Weetabix  · Winsor & Newton ||